Hydrogen
Origin of Hydrogen
It was first artificially produced in the 16th century, and was first identified as a
material by Henry Cavendish of England in 1766.
Hydrogen produces only water when it is burned so in Greek it is called Hydrogne combining
Hydro which means ‘water’ with Gennao which means ‘Produce’. Hydrogen came from English.
Features of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with an element symbol H, atomic number 1, and generally
takes the form of a hydrogen molecule (H2) that combines two atoms.
It's the lightest colorless, tasteless, odorless gas on Earth, and rarely exists as it is.
Like water combined with oxygen (H2O), it usually exists in large quantities on Earth,
combined with other elements, and accounts for about 75 percent of the universe's total
mass.
It is considered as an energy carrier which is not primary energy such as coal, petroleum,
natural gas, hydro, solar, geothermal, etc., which is supplied in a raw natural state.
According to ISO 13600, energy carriers do not produce energy such as springs, compressed
air, electricity, it is simply defined as a substance or phenomenon that contains energy
filled by other systems.
The reason why hydrogen is in the spotlight as fuel is clean without carbon, lighter
than air, safe in production, storage and transportation because non-toxic, colorless,
tasteless.
In addition, ultimately, infinite water can be manufactured from raw materials and easily
produced from different raw materials.
Use of Hydrogen
Hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air during combustion to generate heat and uses it as
energy. It has been used safely in various fields for decades because it produces only water
and a few nitrogen oxides. The global hydrogen market is organized and produces 50 million
tons of hydrogen a year.
● Main uses of hydrogen
Oil
manufacturing
● Desulfurization and reforming
Chemistry
● Ammonia
synthesis (fertilizer and
synthetic resin)
-Bright heat treatment (Stainless steel and silicon steel plate)
-Fertilizer(NH3 fertilization)
- Caprolactam: Nylon, amylan
– For nitric acid: dye, chemical fiber, soda nitrate, nitrite soda, fertilizer raw
material
- Ammonium nitrate for industrial use
– Ammonium chloride for industrial use
-Industrial elements: Melamine, adhesives, detergents, molding materials
● Methanol
synthesis
(Paints and
pharmaceuticals)
-Chemical products
- Medicines and pesticides
- Synthetic resins
– Paint
–Film
–Antifreeze
- Dimethyl terephthalate
●
Hydrogen peroxide production
(bleached
insecticide)
●
Hydrogen addition
(organic compounds,
detergents,
cosmetics, fragrances, etc.)
●
Oil and fat reforming
(Margarine, salad
oil)
●
Hydrazine (deoxidant, rust inhibitor,
corrosion control agent)
Pharmacopoeia
● Controlled atmosphere and raw
materials(Semiconductor ,IC, LSI, Solar cell)
Metal
●
Bright heat treatment
(Stainless steel
and silicon steel plate)
●
Copper welding(Machine parts)
●
Powder alloy (Electronic parts)
●
Metal powder restoration
(Magnetic tape,
metal
powder)
●
Heat treatment (Carbide cutting blade)
●
Plasma welding
(high pressure vessel
welding, satellite parts)
●
Special welding
(high pressure vessel
welding, satellite parts)
●
Hydrogen welding (Metal platform)
Electric power & Nuclear
power
● For cooling(Generators and nuclear
reactor)
● Fuel cell for home appliances and
fuel
for waste heat power generation
Glass
● Controlled atmosphere(Float
glass)
● Oxyhydrogen flame(Fiber Optic and
Artificial Jewelry)
Aviation and space
● Rocket fuel
Car
● Fuel Cell Car and Hydrogen Engine
Car Fuel
Cryogenic
● Superconductivity
Others
●
Analysis and Testing (Standard Gas)
●
Meteorological instruments
●
Industrial Fuel
●
City gas mixture
●
Use of parahydrogen (Uranium separation)
● Use by hydrogen type
-
Hydrogen
-
Liquefied hydrogen
-
Metal hydride
●
Glass: Controlled atmosphere, gloat glass, artificial jewelry,
quartz glass, optical fiber
●
Chemistry: ammonia synthesis, fertilizer• synthetic resins,
methanol synthesis, paint • medicine, oil refinery• desulfurization,
petroleum products,
hydrogen peroxide manufacturing, bleach sterilizer,
hydrogenation, organic compound,
oil hardening, salad oil, detergents, cosmetics, perfumes, vitamins
●
Metal: Collective heat treatment, stainless steel, silicon steel
plate, machine parts, small alloys, electronic parts,metal powder restoration, magnetic tape,
metal powder, heat treatment, carbide cutting knife, plasma
welding, satellite component high-pressure
container welding, special welding
●
Pharmacopoeia: Pharmacopoeia controlled gas, ICLSI, transistor,
electronic part, display screen, PDP
● Experiment
and research: Next-generation fuel analysis and
testing standard gas analyzer, apparatus, and weather observation test
● Electric
power: Fuel cell, for cooling, generator • nuclear
reactor, satellite power, solar cell
●
Others: City gas
Production of hydrogen
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, and there are already available ways to
convert it into fuel.
Hydrogen can be produced by determining which method is the most eco-friendly and economical
environmentally because
it can be produced from natural gas, coal, biological resources, crude oil, wind power, solar
heat, geothermal power, hydro power generation, and water depending on the characteristics of
the country or region and produced as much as desired.
● Hydrogen production method
Safety of hydrogen
Hydrogen has been used safely for a long time in a variety of fields, so it is equally stable
compared to combustible fuels such as natural gas and gasoline, which are common in everyday
life.
Hydrogen has a character of hydrogen embrittlement that weakens metal materials under high
pressure,
on the other hand, it is difficult to ignite naturally due to rapid air diffusion and high
ignition temperature.
For safe use, knowledge of physical, chemical, and heat is needed like other energies.It
depends on how much you consider a safe way to accommodate this nature.
In order to use hydrogen safely, ISO has established international safety standards. Throughout
the hydrogen industry, safety tests have been established to establish safety technologies and
social systems based on the properties and characteristics of hydrogen.